Initiatives to facilitate the social inclusion of people with intellectual disability in physical activities with others in community-based sporting, recreation and leisure activities: A scoping review.

BACKGROUND: While barriers to participation in physical activity are well documented, there is no consolidated evidence on strategies promoting participation of people with intellectual disability in physical activities. METHODS: We conducted a scoping review to examine initiatives used to facilitate the inclusion of people with intellectual disability in community-based sporting and recreation activities. We searched Medline, Embase, CINAHL+ and PsycINFO for articles published in English between 2000 and 2022. RESULTS: Eight articles were included. Initiatives included: (1) building knowledge, awareness and attitudinal change (2) organisational alliances/partnerships (3) relationship-building (4) modifications/adaptions to activities/environment (5) organisational policy (6) engagement with people with disability. Initiatives were implemented through international collaborations, in local fitness/recreational facilities and public spaces, and targeted athletes, coaches, volunteers and organisational leaders. CONCLUSION: While some increase in awareness and inclusion of people with intellectual disability was reported, no longitudinal data reported on the impact of initiatives on sustained social inclusion for people with intellectual disability.

The role of adolescent social inclusion in educational attainment among vulnerable youth.

BACKGROUND: Completing high school enables access to educational and employment opportunities associated with better physical and mental health and improved quality of life. Identifying modifiable factors that promote optimal educational trajectories for youth experiencing disadvantage is an important research focus. Social inclusion has been theorised to play a role in promoting better educational outcomes for this priority population, however limited research has examined this relationship. METHOD: This study used three waves of data from the state-representative Australian arm of the International Youth Development Study (IYDS) (youngest cohort, N = 733; 54% female, 95% Australian born) to examine the extent to which vulnerability in primary school (Grade 5; Mage = 10.97, SD = 0.38) and social inclusion in mid-adolescence (Year 10; Mage = 15.50, SD = 0.53), were associated with school completion in young adulthood (post-secondary; Mage = 19.02, SD = 0.43). RESULTS: Regression models identified an interaction between social inclusion and vulnerability (OR = 1.37, 95% CI [1.06, 1.77], p = .016), indicating that the association between vulnerability and school completion varied as a student's level of social inclusion increased. Higher social inclusion was beneficial for youth with lower levels of vulnerability but did not appear to influence school completion for the most vulnerable students. CONCLUSIONS: For many young people, promoting social inclusion may support engagement in education and play a protective role. However, further research is needed to better understand the role of social inclusion for highly vulnerable youth, particularly the mechanisms via which social inclusion may have differential effects on school completion.

School belonging and depressive symptoms: the mediating roles of social inclusion and loneliness.

BACKGROUND: Loneliness and depressive symptoms are prevalent among Finns. OBJECTIVES: This study, which analyzes nationwide data from 149,986 students aged 13-18 years in Finland, focuses on the mediating effects of social inclusion and loneliness in the association between school belonging and depressive symptoms. METHOD AND RESULTS: The analysis of variance showed that boys reported higher levels of school belonging and social inclusion, whereas girls reported higher levels of loneliness and depressive symptoms. Mediation analysis showed that social inclusion and loneliness partially mediated the effect of school belonging on depressive symptoms, but that social inclusion's effect was much greater than loneliness's. By focusing on the moderating role of sex, it was discovered that social inclusion significantly mediated depressive symptoms in girls more than boys. CONCLUSION: The importance of social inclusion in preventing depressive symptoms was highlighted in the discussion.

Facilitators and challenges in partnership research aimed at improving social inclusion of persons with disabilities.

PURPOSE: To identify partnership research challenges and facilitators, as experienced by members of the Inclusive Society (IS) initiative. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A case study was conducted on all partnership research projects conducted between 2017 and 2019 under the IS initiative through surveys, interviews with the IS community, logbooks, and focus group. Thematic analysis and descriptive analysis were undertaken. RESULTS: To work effectively with a diversity of stakeholders, winning conditions must be created for the project from the outset. These include determining the team functioning, project objectives, the expectations of each party, and agreeing on a realistic action plan. Project implementation with concern for sustained stakeholder commitment, good working relationships, and achieving project objectives requires organizational planning that favours partner involvement, shared leadership, agreed methods for communicating, conflict resolution methods, recognition of each participant's expertise, and creating a climate of trust. Upon concluding a partnership research project, it is essential to devote time to implement project results in local environments and to ascertain their usefulness to partners.IS partnership research challenges and facilitators are similar to those identified in past research. Despite this knowledge, challenges persist. Future research could explore tools and practices from other domain to overcome partnership research challenges.

Partnership research has the potential to contribute to a more inclusive society for people with disabilities.Challenges and facilitators are identified for the stages of creating, implementing, and completing a partnership research project.Suggested solutions are offered to facilitate the conduct of a partnership research project and to increase the project's chances of success.Partnership research could benefit from using tools from other fields such as community development and social innovation to successfully implement some of the facilitators and overcome specific barriers to partnership research.

Hypodescent or ingroup overexclusion?: Children's and adults' racial categorization of ambiguous black/white biracial faces.

Two processes describe racially ambiguous Black/White Biracial categorization-the one-drop rule, or hypodescent, whereby racially ambiguous people are categorized as members of their socially subordinated racial group (i.e., Black/White Biracial faces categorized as Black) and the ingroup overexclusion effect, whereby racially ambiguous people are categorized as members of a salient outgroup, regardless of the group's status. Without developmental research with racially diverse samples, it is unclear when these categorization patterns emerge. Study 1 included White, Black, and racially diverse Biracial children (aged 3- to 7-years) and their parents to test how racial group membership and social context influence face categorization biases. To provide the clearest test of hypodescent and ingroup overexclusion, White participants came from majority White neighborhoods and Black participants from majority Black neighborhoods (with Biracial participants from more racially diverse neighborhoods)-two samples with prominent racial ingroups. Study 2 aimed to replicate the parent findings with a separate sample of White, Black, Black/White Biracial, and Asian adults. Results suggest the ingroup overexclusion effect is present across populations early in development and persists into adulthood. Additionally, categorization was meaningfully related to parental context, pinpointing a pathway that potentially contributes to ingroup overexclusion. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: White, Black, and racially diverse Biracial children and adults tended to categorize racially ambiguous Black/White Biracial faces as racial outgroup members, even if the outgroup was White. This contradicts most work arguing Black/White Biracial racially ambiguous people are more often seen as Black. Children and parents' categorizations were related, though children's categorizations were not related to socialization above and beyond parents' categorizations. Children showed similar categorization patterns across dichotomous and continuous measures.

Understanding the experiences, needs, and strengths of people with incomplete spinal cord injury who can ambulate.

PURPOSE: To identify the experiences, needs, and strengths of people with incomplete spinal cord injury who can ambulate and to explore and discuss potential supports, services, and programs that would best assist them in the community. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this qualitative descriptive study, interviews were the primary means of data collection. These were supplemented with descriptive standardized measures of function and life satisfaction. Qualitative data were analyzed thematically. RESULTS: Twenty-four participants were interviewed, their average age was 55 years and 46% were female. We identified three themes: 'I really couldn't go there', described the physical and social barriers experienced by participants, 'It'd be really nice to let the public know there are people out there like me' expressed the desire for greater social understanding of incomplete spinal cord injury, and 'I just don't quit', displayed the perseverance that participants demonstrated following their injury. CONCLUSION: Findings indicate service providers to improve the inclusion of ambulatory individuals with incomplete spinal cord injury in their programs. Suggestions include designing programs (community, healthcare, return to work, peer support), environments using the principles of universal design for people with incomplete spinal cord injury who ambulate, and increasing consideration of their perspectives.Implication for rehabilitation:People with incomplete spinal cord injury who can ambulate live with invisible impairments, which are often not acknowledged by family, friends, health professionals, and people with complete spinal cord injuryThey may feel excluded from activities (organized by spinal cord injury associations) that were originally designed for people with complete spinal cord injuryGreater awareness among health professionals, friends, family, and people with complete spinal cord injury of the needs of people with incomplete spinal cord injury who can ambulate is needed to increase their inclusion.

La educación inclusiva ante los desafíos contemporáneos / Inclusive education in front of contemporary challenges

Introducción: la educación inclusiva constituye actualmente una preocupación para investigadores, docentes, organizaciones internacionales, regionales y nacionales, aunque la toma de conciencia sobre la necesidad de concretar escenarios escolares y sociales inclusivos, ha sido un proceso lento; a pesar de los ingentes esfuerzos de autores reconocidos, instituciones comprometidas y experiencias exitosas, no se generalizan sus resultados, de ahí las motivaciones para la realización de este estudio. Objetivo: actualizar concepciones teóricas sobre la educación inclusiva y su incidencia en un modelo educativo inclusivo contemporáneo. Métodos: se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura disponible en sitios web y revistas especializadas, así como artículos compartidos en redes sociales académicas y públicas durante los últimos cinco años, en español e inglés. Se realizó la revisión detallada de autores y la actualización de las referencias bibliográficas utilizadas. Resultados: la educación inclusiva necesita una relación con la propia familia, con una escuela que integre e incluya para lograr una sociedad, un estado y gobierno que no solo vean a su población por lo que les separa y diferencia, sino por lo que les une en la diversidad, mediante aulas inclusivas y un currículo moderno. Conclusiones: ante los retos que se le imponen a la educación frente al panorama mundial, caracterizado por la exclusión social de índole diversa, entre ellos, la desmotivación con los currículos que se ofrecen a los estudiantes, los sistemas educativos se enfrentan a una urgencia: ofrecer una educación de calidad e inclusiva, en atención a la diversidad.

Introduction: inclusive education is currently a concern for researchers, teachers, international, regional, and national organizations, although raising awareness about the need to create inclusive school and social scenarios has been a slow process; despite the enormous efforts of recognized authors, committed institutions and successful experiences, their results are not generalized, hence the motivations for carrying out this study. Objective: update theoretical conceptions about inclusive education and its impact on a contemporary inclusive educational model. Methods: a systematic review of the literature available on websites and specialized journals, as well as articles shared on academic and public social networks over the last five years, in Spanish and English, was carried out. A detailed review of authors and updating of the bibliographic references used was carried out. Results: inclusive education needs a relationship with one's own family, with a school that integrates and includes to achieve a society, a state and government that not only see its population, so it separates and differentiates them, but even though it unites them in diversity, through inclusive classrooms and a modern curriculum. Conclusions: according to the challenges imposed on education in front of the global panorama, characterized by social exclusion of various kinds, including demotivation with the curricula offered to students, educational systems face an urgency: offer quality and inclusive education, in attention to diversity.

NEEDS AND POSSIBILITIES OF SOCIAL WORK IN IMPLEMENTING SOCIAL INCLUSION WITH THE TOOLS OF ADAPTIVE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY.

OBJECTIVE: Aim: reveal in social work the possibilities of applying adaptive physical activity in the process of social inclusion of persons with disabilities. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: To obtain factual information, the survey method (questionnaire) and a complex of mathematical statistics methods were used: methods of descriptive statistics and correlation analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Statistics 24.0.0. A total of 102 anonymous respondents took part in the focus groups. RESULTS: Results: The connection between adaptive physical activity and the increase in the level of social inclusion of persons with disabilities, in particular, former military personnel and war veterans, was investigated. It was determined that social work professionals can use adaptive physical activity tools to promote the social inclusion of persons with disabilities and other low-mobility population groups. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: It was established that the ways of using adaptive physical activity tools by social workers for the social inclusion of persons with disabilities are most often socio-psychological, physical, professional rehabilitation, social support, and preventive activities. New opportunities for the implementation of social inclusion by means of adaptive physical activity of persons with disabilities as a result of military operations are opened in connection with the introduction of the position of «helper (assistant) of a veteran in the community¼, which will be held by a social worker.

Socially sustainable housing and built environments to support the health and social inclusion of older adults: protocol for a scoping review and stakeholder consultation.

INTRODUCTION: Housing and the ageing population are issues that pose challenges for social, health and economic policies. Therefore, there is a need for more knowledge on how to design housing and public infrastructure to improve the social engagement and well-being of older adults who age in place. This project aims to provide an overview of the existing literature on design features that support socially sustainable living environments for older adults. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A systematic scoping methodology was used to identify and summarise the findings. Four databases were searched (CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), Scopus, Medline and Embase) to identify the articles. Articles were included if published in English in the last 15 years (eg, from January 2008 to June 2023) without restricting the study location or country. Articles were included if they were based on empirical qualitative, quantitative and mixed-method data. The results of the review will be discussed with a panel of 15 stakeholders (n=15) from Canada, Sweden and the Netherlands (five per country). The interdisciplinary stakeholders will have expertise in housing, architecture, engineering and social and health services. The consultations will provide content expertise to the literature findings and an opportunity to build evidence-based solutions that support the design of socially sustainable living environments for older persons. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethical clearance for this project has been granted by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority for Dalarna University (dnr 2023-01543-01) and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Sciences (NES) Ethics Committee at the University of Twente in the Netherlands (dnr 230407) has approved this project. Stakeholders will be asked to provide signed consent to participate in the study. The results of this project will be disseminated through web seminars, community advisory groups, peer-reviewed journals and policy documents to support the development of housing and public health policy. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: OSF, https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/PR2NC.

Jornalismo, população em situação de rua e eventos internacionais: uma análise de reportagens do jornal O Globo em 2017 / Journalism, homeless population and international events: an analysis of reportages in O Globo newspaper in 2017 / Periodismo, población en situación de calle y eventos internacionales: un análisis de reportajes del periódico O Globo en 2017

Este artigo tem o propósito de analisar as representações das pessoas em situação de rua e da violência em quatro reportagens expressivas do jornal O Globo, a fim de identificar se elas são retratadas como responsáveis pela violência urbana ou como vítimas de grupos violentos. Serão examinadas reportagens publicadas em 2017, um ano após a cidade ter passado por transformações significativas para os Jogos Olímpicos e Paralímpicos, incluindo investimentos em segurança pública por parte dos governos federal e estadual, alterações no espaço urbano e remoção forçada de pessoas em situação de rua das áreas turísticas. Para atingir o objetivo proposto, será utilizada como metodologia a análise de narrativas conforme Bastos e Biar e Spink. Em resumo, o jornal oscilou entre a demonização dessas pessoas, reforçando preconceitos associados a elas, e a abertura, ainda que em menor medida, para a divulgação das violências enfrentadas por esse segmento da população

This article aims to analyze the representations of people experiencing homelessness and of violence in four significant reportages in O Globo newspaper in order to determine whether they are portrayed as responsible for urban violence or as victims of violent groups. The selected reportages which will be examined were published in 2017, a year after the implementation of significant transformations in the city for the Olympic and Paralympic Games, including investments in public security by the federal and state governments, changes in urban space, and removal of homeless population by force from tourist areas. To achieve the proposed objective, the narrative analysis according to the approaches of Bastos and Biar and Spink will be employed as methodology. In short, the newspaper oscillated between demonising these individuals, reinforcing prejudices associated with them, and opening up, albeit to a lesser extent, to publicise the violence faced by this segment of the population

Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar las representaciones de las personas en situación de calle y de la violencia en cuatro reportajes significativos del periódico O Globo para determinar si él las retrata como responsables de la violencia urbana o como víctimas de grupos violentos. Serán examinados reportajes publicados en 2017, un año después de que la ciudad había pasado por transformaciones significativas debido a los Juegos Olímpicos y Paralímpicos, que incluyeron inversiones en seguridad pública por parte de los gobiernos federal y estatal, cambios en el espacio urbano y la remoción forzada de personas en situación de calle de las zonas turísticas. Para lograr el objetivo propuesto, se empleará el análisis narrativo como metodología de acuerdo con los enfoques de Bastos y Biar y Spink. En resumen, el periódico osciló entre la demonización de estas personas, reforzando los prejuicios asociados a ellas, y la apertura, aunque en menor medida, a la divulgación de las violencias enfrentadas por este segmento de la población

SIG Tel@saúde rBLH - Aleitamento Materno Inclusivo na rBLH

Sessão Especial do SIGTel@saúde rBLH, videoconferência da Rede Brasileira de Bancos de Leite Humano, apresentou a temática Aleitamento Materno inclusivo na rBLH! Compartilhamento de experiências e avaliação das ações de promoção do aleitamento materno mais inclusiva. A reunião contou com a participação da pesquisadora da Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Laís Costa; Enfermeira da rBLH, Rafaele Cristine Ribeiro e o Coordenador da rBLH, João Aprígio Guerra de Almeida.

Influence of social inclusion and institutional culture on students' interactions in clinical settings.

BACKGROUND: Decolonisation of the Speech-Language and Hearing (SLH) professions in South Africa to be Afrocentric is a current focus. These professions continue to hold white Eurocentric English and/or Afrikaans knowledges and practices, which are reflective of the minority. As diversity of students in higher education increases, the obvious incongruency between the language of learning and teaching (English) and institutional culture of the programmes and students who use English as an Additional Language (EAL) becomes heightened. OBJECTIVES: The study's aim was to explore the learning and social experiences of EAL undergraduate students in a South African SLH training programme, with a specific focus on students' experiences in patient, clinical supervisor and peer interactions in clinical situations. METHOD: A total of 24 participants recruited through purposive sampling were included in this cross-sectional mixed-method online survey design study. Data from the survey were analysed through descriptive and thematic analysis approaches. RESULTS: Findings reveal a less than positive impression of EAL students in the current SLH training programme as far as their clinical experiences were concerned. The institutional culture of the SLH programme was reported to be disadvantageous to EAL students. These findings raise important implications for SLH training programmes, the regulator and the country's SLH professions as a whole. CONCLUSION: This study sheds light on the significant incongruency between the existing institutional culture and the increasing diversity of students, particularly those who use EAL, in South African SLH training programmes.Contribution: Findings not only illuminate the challenges but also offer a path forward towards a more inclusive and representative SLH profession in South Africa, aligned with the principles of decolonization and Afrocentrism.

Transitioning from childhood into adolescence: A comprehensive longitudinal behavioral and neuroimaging study on prosocial behavior and social inclusion.

Acting prosocially and feeling socially included are important factors for developing social relations. However, little is known about the development of neural trajectories of prosocial behavior and social inclusion in the transition from middle childhood to early adolescence. In this pre-registered study, we investigated the development of prosocial behavior, social inclusion, and their neural mechanisms in a three-wave longitudinal design (ages 7-13 years; NT1 = 512; NT2 = 456; NT3 = 336). We used the Prosocial Cyberball Game, a ball tossing game in which one player is excluded, to measure prosocial compensating behavior. Prosocial compensating behavior showed a linear developmental increase, similar to parent-reported prosocial behavior, whereas parent-reported empathy showed a quadratic trajectory with highest levels in late childhood. On a neural level we found a peak in ventral striatum activity during prosocial compensating behavior. Neural activity during social inclusion showed quadratic age effects in anterior cingulate cortex, insula, striatum, and precuneus, and a linear increase in temporo-parietal junction. Finally, changes in prosocial compensating behavior were negatively associated with changes in ventral striatum and mPFC activity during social inclusion, indicating an important co-occurrence between development in brain and social behavior. Together these findings shed a light on the mechanisms underlying social development from childhood into adolescence.

Moving beyond Inclusion to Belonging.

This paper explores the concepts of inclusion, participation, and belonging in the context of development for children with disabilities. The importance of creating an environment that embraces diversity, encourages active engagement, and nurtures a sense of belonging for children is discussed. The authors provide insights into the benefits of inclusive practices, strategies to enhance participation, and methods to foster a sense of belonging in children with disabilities. The authors argue that service providers and service systems must move beyond fostering social inclusion and inclusive education, although emphasized globally, and focus on promoting participation and ultimately belonging to ensure that children with disabilities are full members of their communities.

Exploring the Impact of an Integrated Trauma-Informed HIV and Vocational Intervention for Black/African American Women Living with HIV.

Given the increased recognition of the role of social determinants of health on the prevalence of HIV in the United States, interventions that incorporate and address social determinants of HIV are essential. In response to the health disparities facing Black/African American women living with HIV, HIV activists and mental health specialists developed an innovative integrated HIV prevention and vocational development intervention, Common Threads, that underscores and addresses key economic and other social determinants of health experienced by Black/African American women within a trauma-informed care (TIC) framework. This research study applied grounded theory methods to conduct a qualitative study of Common Threads based on interviews with 21 women who participated in the Common Threads intervention. Participants shared several critical aspects of program components that reflected the TIC principles, endorsing a safe environment, trust building, and a sense of belonging. These components also encouraged transparency and promoted autonomy. Additionally, participants shared perceived program outcomes, including changes of knowledge and skills in four considering work domains (i.e., medical, psychosocial financial/legal resources, and vocational) that facilitate health and vocational development.

ICT Framework for Supporting Applied Behavior Analysis in the Social Inclusion of Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders.

The applied behavior analysis (ABA) model emphasizes observable and measurable behaviors by carrying out decision making using experimental data (behavioral observation assessment strategies). In this framework, information and communication technology (ICT) becomes highly suitable for enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of the methodology. This paper aims to delve into the potential of ICT in providing innovative solutions to support ABA applications. It focuses on how ICT can contribute to fostering social inclusion with respect to children with neurodevelopmental disorders. ICT offers advanced solutions for continuous and context-aware monitoring, as well as automatic real-time behavior assessments. Wireless sensor systems (wearable perceptual, biomedical, motion, location, and environmental sensors) facilitate real-time behavioral monitoring in various contexts, enabling the collection of behavior-related data that may not be readily evident in traditional observational studies. Moreover, the incorporation of artificial intelligence algorithms that are appropriately trained can further assist therapists throughout the different phases of ABA therapy. These algorithms can provide intervention guidelines and deliver an automatic behavioral analysis that is personalized to the child's unique profile. By leveraging the power of ICT, ABA practitioners can benefit from cutting-edge technological advancements to optimize their therapeutic interventions and outcomes for children with neurodevelopmental disorders, ultimately contributing to their social inclusion and overall wellbeing.

Ageing Happily in Ghana: How Does Social Inclusion Contribute?

BACKGROUND: Promoting happiness has become increasingly important in old age for a wide range of reasons. In this study, we aim to examine the association between social inclusion (SI) and happiness among older adults in Ghana and identify the mediating factors. METHODS: The study included 1201 community-dwelling adults aged ≥50 (mean age = 66.4 ± SD 11.9 years; 63.3% female) from the 2016-2018 Ageing, Health, Psychological Well-being, and Health-seeking Behaviour Study. We assessed happiness with a self-rated and cross-culturally validated item on a five-point scale. SI was operationalised using the modified Berkman-Syme Social Network Index. The hypothesised associations were evaluated by hierarchical regressions and bootstrapping techniques from Hayes' PROCESS macro programme. RESULTS: The prevalence of happiness was 24.3% (all of the time), 43.6% (most of the time), 28.3% (little of the time), and 3.7% (none of the time). After controlling for potential confounders, higher SI was associated with increased levels of happiness (odds ratio (OR) = 1.36; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.16-2.51). Aside from family/friends contacts, all other SI domains positively influenced happiness (OR = 1.45-1.81). The link between SI and happiness was mediated by depressive symptoms (65.2%), generalised anxiety (30.1%), and sleep problems (9.5%). CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that psychological factors may largely explain the positive SI-happiness link. Efforts should target these factors to promote happiness in old age. Longitudinal analysis may confirm our findings.